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Discussing the Development of Single Chip Microcontrollers: SCM → MCU → SOC
2024年07月23日 10:49
Introduction to Single Chip Microcomputer
A single-chip microprocessor, also known as a microcontroller, is a microprocessor chip that integrates various functional components that make up a microcomputer, such as the central processing unit (CPU), data storage RAM, program storage ROM, input/output circuit I/O, timing/counting circuit TCC, interrupt control circuit INT, etc., into one chip. When applied, a single chip can form a complete microcomputer system. Most single-chip microprocessors can only process digital signals, and analog signals need to be digitized through A/D conversion before they can be processed.
MCU microcontrollers are widely used, and almost every electronic and mechanical product used in modern human life integrates microcontrollers. Mobile phones, telephones, calculators, household appliances, electronic toys, handheld computers, mice and other computer accessories are all equipped with 1-2 microcontrollers. The microcontroller was born in 1971 and has gone through three stages with the vigorous development of semiconductor technology: SCM (Single Chip Microcomputer) stage, MCU stage, and SOC stage.
1. Early stage SCM
SCM, also known as single-chip microcomputer, mainly explores the optimal architecture for single-chip embedded systems, and Intel has made significant contributions to this stage. From the birth of the first 4-bit microcontroller Intel 4004, to the first 8-bit microcontroller Intel 8008, and then to Intel's development of the MCS-48 series 8-bit microcontroller in 1976, the microcontroller was introduced.
In the early 1980s, Intel launched the MCS-51 series of high-end microcontrollers based on the MCS-48. The MCS-51 series microcontrollers have greatly improved in terms of on-chip RAM capacity, IO port functionality, and system expansion. Until now, some low-cost and low performance requirements are still widely used.
